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Ranulf de Glanvill
Ranulf de Glanvill (''alias'' Glanvil, Glanville, Granville, etc., died 1190) was Chief Justiciar of England during the reign of King Henry II (1154–89) and was the author of ''Tractatus de Legibus et Consuetudinibus Regni Angliae'' (''Treatise on the Laws and Customs of the Kingdom of England''), the earliest treatise on the laws of England.〔''Everyman's Encyclopaedia'', 5th edition, London, 1967, vol. 6, p. 31〕
==Political and legal career==
He was born 1112 at Stratford St Andrew near Saxmundham in Suffolk, but there is little information about his early life. He is first heard of as Sheriff of Yorkshire, Warwickshire and Leicestershire from 1163 to 1170 when, along with the majority of High Sheriffs, he was removed from office for corruption. However, in 1173 he had been appointed Sheriff of Lancashire and custodian of the honour of Richmond. In 1174, when he was Sheriff of Westmorland, he was one of the English leaders at the Battle of Alnwick, and it was to him that the king of Scotland, William the Lion, surrendered. In 1175 he was reappointed Sheriff of Yorkshire, in 1176 he became justice of the king's court and a justice itinerant in the northern circuit, and in 1180 Chief Justiciar of England.〔Powicke ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 69〕 It was with his assistance that Henry II completed his famous judicial reforms, though many had been carried out before he came into office. He became the king's right-hand man, and during Henry's frequent absences was in effect regent of England. In 1176 he was also made custodian of Queen Eleanor, who was confined to her quarters in Winchester Castle.
After the death of Henry in 1189, Glanvill was removed from his office by Richard I on 17 September 1189〔 and imprisoned until he had paid a ransom, according to one authority, of £15,000. Shortly after obtaining his freedom he took the cross, and he died at the siege of Acre in 1190.
He founded two abbeys, both in Suffolk: Butley, for Black Canons, was founded in 1171,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History of Butley Priory )〕 and Leiston Abbey, for White Canons, in 1183.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=House of Premonstratensian canons — Abbey of Leiston )〕 He also built a leper hospital at Somerton, in Norfolk.
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